Lead recovery more than eighty percent a year in view of the government regulation, why? The key is the cost. Deputy executive director of the China battery industry association, jing-zhong wang told caijing reporter, regular company recycling processing cost is higher, the individual enterprise recovery cost is very low, this problem till now no solution. Often due to illegal recycling process simple, basic no environmental protection investment; While formal enterprises in such aspects as environmental protection, equipment, technology investment, the cost is far higher than illegal enterprises. With lead-acid battery acid as an example, the regular processing these acid, is the cost of processing a cubic meters acid to spend a few yuan, and for illegal enterprises, is often directly discharged into crevices or or ditch, as long as not being caught, the cost is zero. A person close to the lead-acid battery recycling industry, a lot of smelting enterprises are willing to private individual vendors to remove the acid batteries, this could save acid processing costs. In addition, the formal enterprises to pay taxes and pay employees social security fees, this will increase the enterprise operating costs. Cost gap, let "guerrillas" have bottom spirit gives the recycling price is higher than "regulars", recyclers or consumers are more willing to sell the waste lead-acid batteries to the most high.
Economic benefit is also measure whether the battery recycling is worth doing. Great consumption of a battery, for instance, namely household batteries, due to the recycling of little value, have been "regulars" abandon "guerrillas", therefore has not established effective recycling and processing of the system. "(a cell) now there is no question of circulation technology, but not the economy. No economy, enterprises will not to do it." A researcher at the Chinese circular economy association QuRuiJing told caijing reporter. As early as in 2000, before and after the national eight cities, including Beijing, was identified as pilot city garbage classification collection, a battery recycling discarded by attention to gradually. How much a battery can pollution of land, how much water? Readable form of popular science has inspired people‘s environmental protection enthusiasm, willing to put battery into the designated collection points. In is engaged in the waste battery recycling beijingers Wang Zixin eyes, that is "best time" in the industry. In 2002, the two clean sanitation group company entrusted by the government in Beijing, recycling of waste batteries. The second year, the state environmental protection administration and other five departments jointly issued the waste battery pollution control technology policy, will be key for centralized recovery of waste battery such as lithium ion rechargeable battery and button cell, and do not encourage centralized collection has reached the requirements of the countries with low or without mercury battery at a time. At that time, a battery on the market have been in meeting the requirements of the countries with low or without mercury, can be abandoned after living garbage disposal. Because, the battery under the dilution of casing protection and a large number of garbage, landfill with life won‘t cause pollution. Instead, focus on recycling, processing is not likely to cause mercury pollution in the local area.
However, Beijing residents enthusiasm for a battery of environmental protection, by the end of 2011, two clean sanitation group were collected 1298.99 tonnes of a battery. , meanwhile, has 228 tons of waste batteries were sent to tianjin, received a harmless handling, handling the comprehensive cost about 1800 yuan per ton. In 2014, the remaining 1300 tons of waste batteries, also sent to tianjin for non-hazardous landfill.
In August 2015, the ministry‘s website said, in recent years, our ministry through environmental protection public welfare project of waste battery pollution characteristics are studied, the results show that the waste a battery life garbage disposal, may result in an increase in dealing with difficult or additional environmental risks, such as burning lead to zinc concentration in the fly ash, increasing the difficulty of fly ash disposal. Accordingly, the environmental protection agency think a battery waste collection and recycling to protect the environment has certain positive significance, and revealed that cooperate with the national development and reform commission, the ministry of commerce, ministry of industry and other departments formulate a battery recycling waste policy, timely promoting waste battery recycling pilot at a time. On 16 February this year, the ministry issued the waste battery pollution control technology policy (draft) "(hereinafter referred to as" draft "). The core is: strengthen the recycling of lead. This is the first time the policy issued after 13 years of changes. The paper said, to encourage the classification of waste battery storage, avoid and living garbage. These changes, let Wang Zixin look forward to 2016 as his battery recycling enterprise‘s "ice-breaking". Wang Zixin founded by Beijing east China fortune, waste battery recycling co., LTD., last year alone, the whole Beijing recycling waste batteries more than 50 tons. He estimates that it accounts for about 1% of the total waste batteries in Beijing last year. In building a warehouse, storage of waste battery has more than 300 tons, the vast majority for a battery. As a result of the recycling value is not high, these batteries are basic in not out. Wang Zixin, according to the practice of these batteries for many years, mainly belong to the public good. However, a person familiar with the matter, "the draft", should for a battery recycling of the two parties are more intense, one party is prudent, one party insisted on putting it in the garbage classification, must be recycled.
Compared with a battery, rechargeable secondary battery contains some valuable metals such as nickel, lithium, such as lead, cadmium, at home, lead-acid battery is widely used in auto starting power and power for electric bicycles. High recovery value, which is driven desperate jian-guo tian, illegal acquisition, smelting.
To this, the paper gives a solution path, namely the lead-acid battery production enterprises should actively perform producer responsibility system, using sales channels to establish a system of waste lead acid battery recycling or entrust regeneration with qualification to lead enterprises and other relevant units, to effective recycling of waste lead acid battery. Lead-acid battery production enterprises use sales channels are encouraged to set up old lead battery recycling mechanism, and conform to the requirements of the relevant industrial policies of renewable lead enterprise jointly set up waste battery recycling system. Wang said: "for lead-acid battery, should advocate the state-led recycling system, not just by the folk recycling itself."
Is established according to the department of environmental protection methods, technology policy first, and then there will be a series of standards, guidelines and standards. The effect of execution remains to be seen.
A battery recycling unprofitable, can avoid the illegal collection of the "underground".
In fact, not to build a state of battery recycling system is unsustainable in some places of China. Such as Beijing, have clear provisions on the garbage, must carry on the classification of the battery, after all, there are heavy metals in a battery even without lead, cadmium, manganese, iron, zinc, these heavy metals if mix to the living garbage, plus classification is not thorough, used for burning, burning heavy metal powder, that the heavy metal in the battery formation is merely the trivalent oxidation reduction into bivalent, finally will have exposure to risk. But also need time to rebuild a battery recycling system, because "now community recovery system is close to collapse." QuRuiJing analysis said. In fact, developed countries alone a batteries for recycling activities are very few, usually in the living garbage classification collection processing, recycling waste batteries are collected separately. Wang Zixin thinks, the ministry of environmental protection purpose or want to recycle, but no treatment plants can‘t accept. Since 1996 China‘s massive waste battery recycling, finally caused a lot of pressure, the leadership of the ministry said to him, "you only have to (handle) the factory built, our best to help you." Wang Zixin set 1000 battery recycling bins to prepare this year in Beijing, the development of a new intelligent waste battery recycling machine. Recycling machine is mainly to receive such is life a batteries, button batteries, battery may also have come down. Moreover, the current domestic waste battery recycling system basically to the recycling bins as, around which is stored in more and more used batteries, quantity is more and more big.
Handle the battery cost is very high, very few factory can undergo a battery of subsequent processing.
Surplus and renewable resources recovery co., LTD., general manager of Beijing Chang Tao done research, if used batteries can be sent to the factory gate, if their recovery, not covering the logistics cost, can only rely on government subsidies, "we certainly cannot buy and sell, make sure to have profit to do, this is not a public welfare". Do more large-scale recycling Wang Zixin also dare not, because recycling economic pressure is bigger, logistics costs about 2000 yuan a ton. He did was public welfare recycle, the more the more you lose. However, the personage inside course of study also reservations of fiscal subsidies. Even Chang Tao think, there is no effective means of measurement, to keep the fiscal subsidy is not reasonable. "Consumers spend two yuan to buy a battery without pay for hazardous waste disposal cost, this is not the right logic. In Australia, buy the battery to a $2.5. The policy should move in this direction, after all, the market economy, don‘t let everyone to make money, only rely on subsidies is no way out." Chang Tao said.
To strengthen the recycling of waste battery management, the German battery recycling waste management regulations, consumers will be used up one of the batteries, button batteries and other kinds of batteries to store or recycle recycle station, shops and recycling centers must be unconditional receiving used batteries, and forwarding processing factory for recycling. Also at the same time, the German battery recycling system of toxic mercury batteries, nickel cadmium battery and shall practise a system of deposit, is contained in each section of consumers to buy batteries must deposit, when consumers take used batteries to change, can automatically deduct the deposit in the price. Germany‘s circular economy promotion law, let consumers, producers and circulation the three parties are responsible for environmental protection. "Recycling system in Taiwan, Japan, Germany, who who will bear the consumption, fund by fund management, only by the supervision company to distribute, clear recycling companies charge as much as they pay, charge to where, after how many goods factory, supervise each other." Chang Tao is introduced. In January 2015, the state administration of taxation and ministry of finance issued notice, joint battery GST. Wang believes that waste battery recycle, must rely on rational economic policy to solve, but economic policy should not one size fits all.
Battery consumption problem is, regardless of the type of battery, only according to the sales of manufacturing enterprises, according to the proportion of 4% tax. Batteries such as sales of 100 yuan, 4 yuan to pay taxes. In addition, although the "green banner, but if taxes and fees received support and subsidies for renewable enterprises also unknown. Advocate the scrappage China battery industry association, through the marketing channels to establish recycling system, but have not been able to implement. Standing vice President of the association jing-zhong wang told caijing reporter, in accordance with the "who who who production, sales, recycling, processing" of the system, let the battery maker by sales channels to recycle used batteries, and their recycling processing or transferred to other people; Battery manufacturers to establish a battery processing equipment, if has not yet been established, you can set up or entrusted to other specialist recycle; Recycled materials to processing plants, also can pay the processing fee. In a word, can be market-oriented operation and negotiation. In the end, no matter use what method to make the battery return to normal recycling channels, will experience a painful game.
